Central African Republic

Local militias known as anti-balaka, the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), the Front populaire pour la renaissance de la Centrafrique (FPRC), Mouvement patriotique pour la Centrafrique (MPC), and Union pour la paix en Centrafrique (UPC) are each listed in the annex of the SG’s 2024 annual report on CAAC for multiple grave violations against children. In February, the SG will report on the situation in CAR and MINUSCA per SCR 2759 (2024). According to UNICEF’s latest Humanitarian Situation Report on CAR, between August and September 2024, 537 children associated with armed groups were identified and referred for reintegration services, with 315 confirmed as formerly associated and enrolled in case management programs. In October, the Security Council Working Group on CAAC adopted its latest conclusions on the situation of CAAC in CAR (S.AC.51/2024/5). The Security Council should: 

• Demand that all parties uphold their obligations under IHL and IHRL, and that all parties allow and facilitate the safe, timely, and unhindered delivery of humanitarian assistance to affected populations, especially children;
• Urge the MPC, FPRC, and UPC to fully and swiftly implement their respective action plans and release all children still in their ranks, and call for all parties to end and prevent grave violations against children, including by engaging with the UN to sign and implement action plans to end and prevent all six grave violations against children;
• Call on the Government to fully implement all aspects of the Child Protection Code and the national plan on the prevention of grave violations against children and to ensure perpetrators of grave violations are held accountable and that child survivors of sexual violence have access to comprehensive, gender-sensitive, and age-appropriate response systems and services, and strengthen preventive measures; urge the Government and pro-government forces to cease the military use of schools and to vacate all schools;
• Urge the Government and pro-government forces to operationalize the Handover Protocol signed in October 2024 on the protection and transfer of children associated to armed forces and groups to civilian authorities, in collaboration with the UN.

 FRANCE IS THE SECURITY COUNCIL PENHOLDER ON CAR.

This information is based on Watchlist’s Children and Armed Conflict Monthly Update – February 2025.

In January, the SG published his sixth report on the situation of CAAC in CAR (S/2024/93), covering the period from July 2021 to June 2023. During this time, the Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting (CTFMR) verified 1,432 grave violations against 1,046 children (674 boys, 372 girls), a decrease compared to the previous report which is likely due to access restrictions and a lower number of children separated from armed groups associated with the Coalition des patriotes pour le changement (CPC), rather than an overall decrease in grave violations. Recruitment and use was the most prevalent grave violation, followed by abduction and rape and other forms of sexual violence. Armed groups were responsible for around 75 percent of grave violations, while Government Forces, other security personnel and pro-government proxies were responsible for 20 percent of grave violations. Eleven boys detained for alleged association with armed groups were released during the reporting period, as well as an additional 46 boys who had been detained in previous years. Children were killed primarily by gunshots, followed by explosive ordnance. The number of child casualties due to use of indiscriminate explosive ordnance increased by 280 percent during the reporting period, and such use also impeded the delivery of humanitarian aid. While attacks on schools and hospitals decreased by 50 percent as compared to the previous reporting period, cases of abduction increased two-fold. The Working Group should:

• Strongly condemn all grave violations against children in CAR and demand that all parties to conflict fully uphold their obligations under international humanitarian law (IHL) and human rights law (IHRL); to allow and facilitate the safe, timely, and unhindered delivery of humanitarian assistance to affected populations, especially children; and to immediately end and prevent all grave violations against children;
• Call for all parties to conflict to engage with the UN to sign and implement action plans to end and prevent all six grave violations against children; urge the Front populaire pour la renaissance de la Centrafrique, Mouvement patriotique pour la Centrafrique, and Union pour la paix en Centrafrique to fully and swiftly implement their respective action plans to end and prevent grave violations and release all children still in their ranks;
• Welcome the Government’s steps toward a national prevention plan of grave violations against children, as well as the draft protocol for the handover of children allegedly associated with armed groups, and call for swift finalization and implementation of these tools as well as the 2020 Child Protection Code;
• Welcome steps toward increasing accountability for grave violations against children, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and ensure all children have access to gender-sensitive, age-appropriate, disability-inclusive comprehensive and non-discriminatory child protection services, including specialized services for child survivors of gender-based violence;
• Call on all parties to immediately cease attacks on schools and education personnel and to take concrete measures to mitigate and avoid the military use of schools, pursuant to SCR 2601 (2021); encourage the Government to uphold its commitments under the Safe Schools Declaration.

This information is based on Watchlist’s Children and Armed Conflict Monthly Update – April 2024.

Year listed: 2007
Action Plans signed: UFDR – recruitment and use of children (June 2007); Mouvement Patriotique pour la Centrafrique – recruitment and use, killing and maiming, rape and other forms of sexual violence, and attacks on schools and hospitals (June 2018); Front Populaire pour la Renaissance de la Centrafrique – recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, rape and other forms of sexual violence, and attacks on schools and hospitals (July 2019); l’Unité pour la paix en Centrafrique – recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, rape and other forms of sexual violence, and attacks on schools and hospitals (August 2019)
Previous Action Plans: APRD – recruitment and use of children (October 2011) *Party ceased to exist; CPJP – recruitment and use of children (November 2011) *Party ceased to exist
Sanctions Committee: The Central African Republic Sanctions Committee (Current Chair: Niger)
Secretary-General’s reports on CAAC in CAR: 2021; 2019; 2016; 2011; 2009
Security Council Working Group conclusions on CAR: 2020; 2016; 2011; 2009
UN Mission: MINUSCA